Summary Charitable Organization and British Way Free Essays

A summary of the advert that beggars belief. The article â€Å"The advert that beggars belief† by Alexander Chancellor is about beggars in India and Great Britain, they talk about how many beggars there are and what they are using their money on when they get some. Many people try to convince themselves that it’s a stupid idea to give beggars money because they use them quite often on many stupid things. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary: Charitable Organization and British Way or any similar topic only for you Order Now Westminster Council making a campaign there says if you give beggars money you â€Å"actually† are guilty in cause of theirs death. It is a bad campaign because they give a wakeup call to people and says it is a bad thing to give money to beggars and you should not do it, because you don’t know what they are going to use their money on and if you do it you can cause their deaths. They call you to stop giving them money. Give an outline of the carious attitudes to charity as expressed in texts. The four texts show the different views of giving charity, there are many ways to donate money today, from when you give a coin to a beggar you see at the streets to send a text on your mobile phone to a charitable organization. The article â€Å"the advert that beggars belief† has a negative attitude to beggars, in Britain they don’t want to give beggars money because they says it can cause their lives because they use the money on drugs or something like that. In the article â€Å"Charity never dies, it only sleeps† we hear about the British way of thinking to improve our own and our families lives, it is best also to improve the lives of those around us. It is a conservative way to think everyone has to be equal. In the article â€Å"the year of charitainment† they talked about that there are so many charity organizations and you have to focus on one and that helps the famous people with, Angelina Jolie helps to focus on Sierra Leone. Comment on the following statement â€Å"to improve our own and our families’ lives, it is best also to improve the lives of those around us.† In the text â€Å"Charity never dies, it only sleeps† it is the British way of thinking: to improve our own and our families’ lives, it is best also to improve the lives of those around us. It is on way out of many to think that everyone has to be equal, there are many people there think of this, and many people think that you have to be selfish about this, and don’t give money to beggars.    How to cite Summary: Charitable Organization and British Way, Papers

Law of Negligence Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Law of Negligence Tamara. Answer: Advise for Tamara After reviewing the facts that have been given in this case, the matter is if Tamara can be successful if she decides to sue Aldi supermarkets in negligence. In this case, Tamara fell on the floor of the supermarket and suffered injuries on her back. She slipped on the floor because a puddle of ice cream was present on the floor which was not cleaned by the start of the supermarket. As a result of the fall, Tamara had to remain in hospital for many days. The general damages alone were more than $700,000. Now Tamara wants to know if she will be successful if she sues the supermarket in negligence. Similarly, it also needs to be seen if any defenses may be available to the supermarket under the law. The supermarket claims in its defense that they have their duty to member of the stock regularly inspect the aisles. Similarly, any spillage present on the floor was named after every 40 minutes. In this way, the present matter can be decided by applying the principles of negligence and sim ilarly it also needs to be seen if Tamara will be in a position to establish the elements that are necessary for bringing a successful claim in negligence against the defendant. According to the law of negligence, it can be said that a party owes a duty to exercise care towards the other party, negligence is some action of the defendant, which would not be done by any other reasonable person and as a result of which, the claimant has suffered an injury or damage. In order to find out if the defendant was negligent in a particular case or not, and to hold the defendant liable for negligence, the provisions of Civil Liability Act can also be used. When a party has decided that it is going to the other party in negligence, such a party tries to recover financial compensation regarding the loss suffered by it (Hepple, 1997). Hence, the damages that are awarded to the claimant in an action for negligence are granted with a view that the claimant should be placed in the similar position in which he was, if there was no negligence of the defendant. For the purpose of deciding if it can be said that the defendant was negligent in a particular case, the law of neglig ence requires that four elements should be present. Therefore, for bringing a successful action in negligence, the claimant is required to establish in the court that the defendant had a duty of care, there was a breach of this duty, the claimant had suffered damage owing to this breach, and the damage suffered by the claimed can be described as a direct result of this breach of duty (Stapleton, 2003). In this way, for bringing a successful claiming negligence, it is required that the claimant should establish all the above mentioned four elements. If all these elements can be established by the claimant, the action of the claimant will be successful. But if even a single element is not present in a particular case, it cannot be said that the defendant was negligent in such a case (McDonald, 2005). Therefore, in view of the significance of these elements, it becomes important to describe what is the meaning of duty of care? In case of negligence, the duty of care is the legal obligation imposed on the defendant by the law according to which they should refrain from causing any injury or damage to other persons (Barker, 1993). The duty of care of the defendant is present when it is reasonably foreseeable that an injury may be caused to the other person if the defendant fails to exercise reasonable care. The law provides in such cases that the duty of care will be present on part of the defendant only if there is sufficient proximity between the parties. And as a result of this proximity, it can be decided that the defendant owed a duty towards the claimant. For example, the driver of a motor vehicle has a duty towards the other persons who are using the road. Hence, a claimant can be successful in its action in the code in negligence if it can be established that the defendant had breached the of care. The court will consider the relevant standard of care that can be applied in a particular case for deciding if the defendant can be held liable for the breach of duty of care. The relevant standard of care can be decided on the basis of the fact if under the similar circumstances, any reasonable person would have decided within the same way or not. If the court finds out that the actions of the defendant did not match the required standard of care, and therefore they cannot be held to be reasonable, the court may conclude that the defendant has breached its duty of care that he owed to the claimant. As mentioned above, the action of the claimant will be successful if it is found in a particular case that the injury suffered by the claimant was directly caused due to the breach of duty. Therefore, when a person slips on the wet floor, it is clear that the fall and the injuries suffered by such a person are the direct result of the wet floor. On these grounds, in the present case, it can be said that Tamara may have a successful action in negligence against the supermarket. On the other hand, the defense available to the supermarket is the contributory negligence of Tamara. She was also running towards the aisle as only one bar of chocolate was left and another customer was also working towards it. However, if Tamara decides to sue Aldi supermarkets in negligence, she may be successful as there was a breach of duty of care by Aldi supermarkets and the consequence was the injuries suffered by Tamara. References Bob Hepple, (1997) Negligence: The Search for Coherence, 50 Current Legal Problems 69 Jane Stapleton, (1991) Duty of Care and Economic Loss: A Wider Agenda 107 Law Quarterly Review 249 Jane Stapleton, (2003) The Golden Thread at the Heart of Tort Law: Protection of the Vulnerable 24 Australian Bar Review 135 Kit Barker, (1993) Unreliable Assumptions in the Modern Law of Negligence, 109 Law Quarterly Review 461, 483 McDonald, Barbara (2005). Legislative Intervention in the Law of Negligence: The Common

Evolution Charles Darwin Essay Example For Students

Evolution Charles Darwin Essay EVOLUTION TABLE OF CONTENTS PageINTRODUCTION .. 2DARWINIAN THEORY OF EVOLUTION 4THE THEORY OF BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION:CONTRIBUTING ELEMENTS .. 7WALLACES CONTRIBUTIONS .. 13HARDY-WEINBERG PRINCIPLE . 15 COMPARISON: LAMARCK vs. DARWIN 16 DARWINS INFLUENCES 20METHODS OF SCIENTIFIC DEDUCTION 23LIMITS TO DARWINS THEORY 25MORPHOLOGICAL ; BIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS .. 27BIO-EVOLUTION: POPULATION vs. INDIVIDUALS . 29MECHANISMS FOR GENETIC VARIATION .. 31GENETIC VARIATION AND SPECIATION .. 35DARWINS FINCHES 37SPECIATION vs. CONVERGENT EVOLUTION .. 39CONCEPT OF ADAPTATION . 41PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM 43VALUE/LIMITATIONS: THE THEORY OF BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION . 45ALTERNATE EXPLANATIONS OF BEING 47CONCLUSIONS .. 48INTRODUCTIONTheories explaining biological evolution have been bandied about since the ancient Greeks, but it was not until the Enlightment of the 18th century that widespread acceptance and development of this theory emerged. In the mid 19th century english naturalist Charles Darwin who has been called the father of evolution conceived of the most comprehensive findings about organic evolution ever1. Today many of his principles still entail modern interpretation of evolution. Ive assessed and interpreted the basis of Darwins theories on evolution, incorporating a number of other factors concerning evolutionary theory in the process. Criticism of Darwins conclusions abounds somewhat more than has been paid tribute to, however Darwins findings marked a revolution of thought and social upheaval unprecedented in Western consciousness challenging not only the scientific community, but the prominent religious institution as well. Another revolution in science of a lesser nature was !also spawned by Darwin, namely the remarkable simplicity with which his major work The Origin of the Species was written straightforward English, anyone capable of a logical argument could follow it also unprecedented in the scientific community (compare this to Isaac Newtons horribly complex work taking the scientific community years to interpret2). Evolutionary and revolutionary in more than one sense of each word. Every theory mentioned in the following reading, in fact falls back to Darwinism. DARWINIAN THEORY OF BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTIONModern conception of species and the idea of organic evolution had been part of Western consciousness since the mid-17th century (a la John Ray)3, but wide-range acceptance of this idea, beyond the bounds of the scientific community, did not arise until Darwin published his findings in 19584. Darwin first developed his theory of biological evolution in 1938, following his five-year circumglobal voyage in the southern tropics (as a naturalist) on the H.M.S. Beagle, and perusal of one Thomas Malthus An Essay on the Principle of Population which proposed that environmental factors, such as famine and disease limited human population growth5. This had direct bearing on Darwins theory of natural selection, furnishing him with an enhanced conceptualization of the survival of the fittest the competition among individuals of the same species for limited resources the missing piece to his puzzle6. For fear of contradicting his fathers beliefs, Darwin did not publish his find!ings until he was virtually forced after Alfred Wallace sent him a short paper almos t identical to his own extensive works on the theory of evolution. The two men presented a joint paper to the Linnaean Society in 1958 Darwin published a much larger work (a mere abstract of my material) Origin of the Species a year later, a source of undue controversy and opposition (from pious Christians)7, but remarkable development for evolutionary theory. Their findings basically stated that populations of organisms and individuals of a species were varied: some individuals were more capable of obtaining mates, food and other means of sustenance, consequently producing more offspring than less capable individuals. Their offspring would retain some of these characteristics, hence a disproportionate representation of successive individuals in future generations. Therefore future generations would tend have those characteristics of more accommodating individuals8. This is the basis of Da!rwins theory of natural selection: those individuals incapable of adapting to change are eliminated in future generations, selected against. Darwin observed that animals tended to produce more offspring than were necessary to replace themselves, leading to the logical conclusion that eventually the earth would no longer be able to support an expanding population. As a result of increasing population however, war, famine and pestilence also increase proportionately, gener ally maintaining comparatively stable population9. Twelve years later, Darwin published a two-volume work entitled The Descent of Man, applying his basic theory to like comparison between the evolutionary nature of man and animals and how this related to socio-political development man and his perception of life. It is through the blind and aimless progress of natural selection that man has advance to his present level in love, memory, attention, curiosity, imitation, reason, etc. as well as progres s in k!nowledge morals and religion10. Here is where originated the classic idea of the evolution of man from ape, specifically where he contended that Africa was the cradle of civilization. This work also met with opposition but because of the impact of his revolutionary initial work this opposition was comparatively muted11. A summary of the critical issues of Darwins theory might be abridged into six concise point as follows:1 Variation among individuals of a species does not indicate deficient copies of an ideal prototype as suggested by the platonic notion of Eidos. The reverse is true: variation is integral to the evolutionary process. 2 The fundamental struggle in nature occurs within single species population to obtain food, interbreed, and resist predation. The struggle between different species (ie. fox vs. hare) is less consequential. 3 The only variations pertinent to evolution are those which are inherited. 4 Evolution is an ongoing process which must span many moons to become detectably apparent. 5 Complexity of a species may not necessarily increase with the evolutionary process it may not change at all, even decrease. 6 Predator and prey have no underlying purpose for maintenance of any type of balance natural selection is opportunistic and irregular12. THE THEORY OF BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION: CONTRIBUTING ELEMENTSThe scientific range of biological evolution is remarkably vast and can be used to explain numerous observations within the field of biology. Generally, observation of any physical, behaviourial, or chemical change (adaptation) over time owing directly to considerable diversity of organisms can be attributed to biological evolution of species. It might also explain the location (distribution) of species throughout the planet. Naturalists can hypothesize that if organisms are evolving through time, then current species will differ considerably from their extinct ancestors. The theory of biological evolution brought about the idea for a record of the progressive changes an early, extinct species underwent. Through use of this fossil record paleontologists are able to classify species according to their similarity to ancestral predecessors, and thereby determine which species might be related to one another. Determination of the age of each fossil will concurrently indicate the rate of evolution, as well as precisely which ancestors preceded one another and consequently which characteristics are retained or selected against. Generally this holds true: probable ancestors do occur earlier in the fossil record, prokaryotes precede eukaryotes in the fossil record. There are however, significant missing links throughout the fossil record resulting from species that were, perhaps, never fossilized never!theless i t is relatively co mpatible with the theory of evolution13. It can be postulated that organisms evolving from the same ancestor will tend to have similar structural characteristics. New species will have modified versions of preexisting structures as per their respective habitats (environmental situations). Certainly these varying species will demonstrate clear differentiation in important structural functions, however an underlying similarity will be noted in all. In this case the similarity is said to be homologous, that is, structure origin is identical for all descended species, but very different in appearance. This can be exemplified in the pectoral appendages of terrestrial vertebrates: Initial impression would be that of disparate structure, however in all such vertebrates four distinct structural regions have been defined: the region nearest the body (humerus connecting to the pectoral girdle, the middle region (two bones, radius and ulna are present), a third region the hand of several bones (carpal and metacarpal, and !region of digits or finger s. Current species might also exhibit similar organ functions, but are not descended from the same ancestor and therefore different in structure. Such organisms are said to be analogous and can be exemplified in tetrapods, many containing similar muscles but not necessarily originating from the same ancestor. These two anatomical likenesses cannot be explained without considerable understanding of the theory of organic evolution14. Jack Londons To Build A Fire: Theme EssayThe integral relevance for employment of the Hardy-Weinberg principle is its illustration of expected frequencies where populations are evolving. Deviation from these projected frequencies indicates evolution of the species may be occurring. Allele and genotype frequencies are typically modified per each successive generation and never in ideal Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These modifications may be the result of natural selection, but (particularly among small populations) may simply result from random circumstance. They might also arise form immigration of individuals form other populations where gene frequencies will be unique, or form individuals who do not randomly choose mates from their wide-ranged species26. COMPARISON: LAMARCK vs. DARWINDespite the lack of respect lamarckian theory was dealt at the hands of the early evolution-revolutionaries, the enormous influence it had on numerous scientists, including Lyell, Darwin and the developers of the Hardy-Weinberg theory cannot be denied. Jean Lamarck, a French biologist postulated the theory of an inherent faculty of self-improvement by his teaching that new organs arise form new needs, that they develop in proportion to how often they are used and that these acquisitions are handed down from one generation to the next (conversely disuse of existing organs leads to their gradual disappearance). He also suggested that non-living matter was spontaneously created into the less complex organisms who would evolve over time into organisms of greater and greater complexity. He published his conclusions in 1802, then later (1909) released an expanded form entitled Philosophie zoologique. The English public was first exposed to his findings when Ly ell popularized them wi!th his usual flair for writ ing, but because the influential Lyell also openly criticized these findings they were never fully accepted27. Darwins own theories were based on those of older evolutionists and the principle of descent with modification, the principle of direct or indirect action of the environment on an individual organism, and a wavering belief in Lamarcks doctrine that new characteristics acquired by the individual through use or disuse are transferred to its descendants. Darwin basically built around this theory, adding that variation occurs in the passage each progressive generation. Lamarcks findings could be summarized by stating that it is the surrounding environment that has direct bearing on the evolution of species. Darwin instead contested that it was inter-species strife the will to power or the survival of the fittest28. Certainly Lamarck was looking to the condition of the sexes: the significantly evolved difference of musculature between male and females can probably be more easily explained by Lamarckian theory than Darwinian. There was actually quite a remarkable similarity between the con clusions of D arwins grandfather, Erasmus Darwin and Lamarck Lamarck himself only mentioned Erasmus in a footnote, and with virtual contempt. The fact is neither Lamarck nor Darwin ever proposed a means by which species traits were passed on, although Lamarck is usually recalled as one of those hopelessly erroneous scientists of past it was merely the basis for his conclusions that were hopelessly out of depth the conclusions were remarkably accurate29. DARWINS INFLUENCESIn 1831 a young Charles Darwin received the scientific opportunity of lifetime, when he was invited to take charge f the natural history side of a five year voyage on the H.M.S. Beagle, which was to sail around the world, particularly to survey the coast of South America. Darwins reference material consisted of works of Sir Charles Lyell, a British geologist (he developed a concept termed uniformitarianism which suggested that geological phenomena could be explained by prevailing observations of natural processes operating over a great spans of time he has been accused synthesizing the works of others30) who was the author of geologic texts that were required reading throughout the 19th century including Principals of Geology, which along with his own findings (observing the a large land shift resulting from an earthquake), convinced him of geological uniformitarianism, hypothesizing for example, that earthquakes were responsible for the formation of mountains. Dar win faith!fully maintained this method of interpreting facts by seeking explanations of past events by observing occurrences in present time throughout his life31. The lucid writing style of Lyell and straightforward conclusions influence all of his work. When unearthing remains of extinct animals in Argentina he noted that their remains more closely resembled those of contemporary South American mammals than any other animals in the world. He noted that existing animals have a close relation in form with extinct species, and deduced that this would be expected if the contemporary species had evolved form South American ancestors not however, if thereexisted an ideal biota for each environment. When he arrived on the Galapagos islands (islands having been formed at about the same time and characteristically similar), he was surprised to observe unique species to each respective island, particularly tortoises which possessed sufficiently differentiated shells to tell them apart. !F rom these observations he concluded that the tortoises cou ld only have evolved on the islands32. Thomas Robert Malthus was an English economist and clergyman whose work An Essay on the Principal of Population led Darwin to a more complete understanding of density dependent factors and the struggle in nature. Malthus noted that there was potential for rapid increase in population through reproduction but that food cannot increase as fast as population can, and therefore eventuality will allow less food per person, the less able dying out from starvation or sickness. Thus did Malthus identify population growth as an obstacle to human progress and pedalled abstinence and late marriage in his wake. For these conclusions he came under fire from the Enlightment movement which interpreted his works as opposing social reform33. Erasmus Darwin, grandfather of Darwin, was an unconventional, freethinking physician and poet who expressed his ardent preoccupation for the sciences through poetry. In the poem Zoonomia he initiated the idea that evolution of an organism results from environmental implementation. This coupled with a strong influence from the similar conclusions of Lamarck shaped Darwins perception on the environments inherent nature to mould and shape evolutionary form34. METHODS OF SCIENTIFIC DEDUCTIONEarly scientists, particularly those in the naturalist field derived most of their conclusions from observed, unproven empirical facts. Without the means of logically explaining scientific theory, the hypothesis was incurred an educated guess to be proven through experimentation. Darwin developed his theory of natural selection with a viable hypothesis, but predicted his results merely by observing that which was available. Following Lyells teaching, using modern observations to determine what occurred in the past, Darwin developed theories that only made sense logical from the point of view of the human mind (meaning it was based on immediate human perception) but decidedly illogical from a purely scientific angle. By perusing the works of Malthus did Darwin finally hit upon his theory of natural selection not actually questioning these conclusions because they fit so neatly into his own puzzle. Early development of logical, analytic scientific theo ry did not occur u!ntil the advent of philosophe r Rene Descartes in the mid-17th century (I think therefore I am35). Natural selection was shown to be sadly lacking where it could not account for how characteristics were passed down to new generations36. Philosophy Essays

The Most Dangerous Game By Richard Connell Essays -

The Most Dangerous Game By Richard Connell The short story The Most Dangerous Game by Richard Connell is about the hunter and the hunted but later in the story it becomes ironic because it turns into a game were the hunter becomes the hunted. It turns into a chase of competition and of survival. Two sailors Rainsford and his partner Whitney sailed in to the darkness of the of sea. Their purpose was to hunt, they called it the greatest sport. They were hunters and headed to the Amazon to hunt vicious animals such as Jaguars, and tigers. They sailed to an island called Ship-Trap Island. Sailors feared this island and had curious dread of such a scarry place. The sky was filled with darkness when suddently he heard Three gun shots that were fired, and heard them again and again. Then he heard a scream while smoking a pipe when suddently the pipe fell and as he tried to reach for it he whent down into the sea were the waves swallowed his screams. Nobody could have heard him as the ocean swallowed his screams and the only chance of survival was to swim. Rainsford swam towards the screams and ended up in the Island. He walked on the shoreline and later found a place that looked like a mansion. There he met General Zaroff who bought the island to hunt. He was indeed a sporstman who invented a new sensation of the hunting game. His game was to train those men who's ships were wrecked and ended up in that island, and then provide them with food and a knife for three days. Once they were trained they were led out into the island as a head start while Zaroff chase after them and tried to hunt them down. If They survived during those three days they had won the game and they were let free but in the other case if they were found they were killed. Zaroff never lost the game so if one of the men being hunted was about to survive he would release the hounds to chased after them. Rainsford rested and the next morning had a dispute with Zaroff and told him that this hunting style was to brutal. In this argument Zaroff got mad and at this point in the story Raisford became the hunted. He was let loose into the island were he was to prepare himself for the most dangerous game of his life, the survival of the fittest. The first night was panicking and worried Rainsford as he hidded on top of a tree. The next day he set up a trap but Zaroff did'nt fall for it and he almost got caught when Zaroff was right next to the bushes were Rainsford was hiding. the last day he set up a pitfall and while Zarroff and his servant were serching, his servant unfortunately fell into the pit. Rainsford got out of the Island trying to escape by swimming out into the ocean and swam back to the mansion and when Zaroff returned Rainsford switched the game around and proposed him to become the hunted. I like this short story because Rainsford was wise in making traps wich allowed Zaroff to take more time trying to find him and did them successfully wich helped him survive those three days. I also liked how the story ended it was kind of ironic the way Rainsfored changed the game around and became the hunter and Zaroff became the hunted. I thought it was a good idea because this way Zaroff would realise that his game of hunting people was wrong and this would teach him a lesson.

Susan Reynoldss Attack on the Concepts of Feudalism Supported by F.L. Ganshof and Marc Bloch

To Kill a Mockingbird Themes, Symbols, and Literary Devices

To Kill a Mockingbird Themes, Symbols, and Literary Devices To Kill a Mockingbird seems like a very simple, well-written morality tale at first glance. But underneath the easy markers of racism and heroism is a much more complex story. Your first hint is the sleight of hand author Harper Lee employs in the point of view, which is actually Jenna Louise Finch as an adult recounting her adventures as a child. The mature, grown-up perspective is buried under the rambunctious, naive perspective of her younger self so skillfully most readers forget that the story isn’t being narrated by a little kid. This allows Lee to explore her sub-themes of racism, justice, and innocence while masterfully dealing with her main theme: How our view of the world changes as we grow older. Maturation The story of To Kill a Mockingbird takes place over the course of several years, beginning when Scout is 6 years old and ending when she is close to 9 years old, and her brother Jem is 9 (though very close to being 10) in the beginning and is 13 or 14 by the end of the story. Lee uses the young age of the children to tease out many of the complexities in her themes; Scout and Jem are frequently confused about the motivations and reasoning of the adults around them, especially in the earlier sections of the novel. Initially, Scout, Jem, and their friend Dill make many incorrect assumptions about the world around them. They assume that Boo Radley is some sort of monster and ascribe near-supernatural powers to him. They assume that aunt Alexandra does not like them or their father. They assume that Mrs. Dubose is a mean old woman who hates children. And Scout in particular assumes that the world is a fair and honorable place. Over the course of the story, the children grow up and learn more about the world, and many of these initial assumptions are revealed to be incorrect. Lee explores the way that growing up and maturing into adults makes the world clearer while also less magical and more difficult. Scout’s rage against Mrs. Dubose or her teachers at school is simple and easy to comprehend, as is her terror of Boo Radley. Understanding the complexities underneath the behaviors she sees makes it more difficult to hate Mrs. Dubose or fear Boo, which in turn ties into the more obvious themes of racism, intolerance, and innocence in the story. The end result is that Lee connects racism with childish fears that adults ought not to experience. Prejudice There’s little doubt that To Kill a Mockingbird is concerned with racism and its corrosive effects on our society. Lee explores this theme with an initial subtlety; Tom Robinson and the crimes he is accused of are not explicitly mentioned until Chapter 9 in the book, and Scout’s understanding that her father, Atticus, is under pressure to drop the case and that his reputation is suffering because of it is developed slowly. Lee is not, however, solely concerned with racial prejudice. Rather, she explores the effects of prejudice of all kinds- racism, classism, and sexism. Scout and Jem slowly come to understand that all of these attitudes are incredibly harmful to society as a whole. Tom’s life is destroyed simply because he is a black man. Bob and Mayella Ewell, however, are also looked down upon by the town for their poverty, which is assumed to be due to their low class status and not to any sort of economic cause, and Lee makes it clear that they persecute Tom in part in order to assuage their own feelings of rage at the way they are treated, that racism is inextricably linked to economics, politics, and self-image. Sexism is explored in the novel through Scout and her constant battle to engage in behaviors she finds interesting and exciting instead of the behaviors that people like aunt Alexandra feel are more appropriate for a girl. Part of Scout’s development as a person is her journey from simple perplexity at these pressures to an understanding that society as a whole expects certain things from her solely due to her gender. Justice and Morality To Kill a Mockingbird is a surprisingly deft analysis of the differences between justice and morality. In the earlier parts of the novel Scout believes that morality and justice are the same thing- if you do wrong, you are punished; if you are innocent you will be fine. Tom Robinson’s trial and her observation of her father’s experiences teach her that there is often a stark difference between what is right and what is legal. Tom Robinson is innocent of the crime he is accused of, but loses his life. At the same time, Bob Ewell triumphs in the legal system but finds no justice either, and is reduced to drunkenly stalking children to compensate for being humiliated despite his victory. Symbols Mockingbirds. The title of the book references a moment in the story where Scout recalls Atticus warning her and Jem that killing mockingbirds is a sin, and Miss Maudie confirms this, explaining that Mockingbirds do nothing but sing- they do no harm. The mockingbird represents innocence- an innocence Scout and Jem slowly lose over the course of the story. Tim Johnson. The poor dog that Atticus shoots when it goes rabid has a name purposefully similar to Tom Robinson’s. The event is traumatic to Scout, and teaches her that innocence is no guarantee of happiness or of justice. Boo Radley. Arthur Radley is not so much a character as a walking symbol of Scout and Jem’s growing maturity. The way the children perceive Boo Radley is a constant marker of their growing maturity. Literary Devices Layered Narration. It can be easy to forget that the story is actually being told by a grown-up, adult Jenna Louise and not the 6-year-old Scout. This allows Lee to present the world in the stark black and white morality of a little girl while preserving the details whose significance would escape a child. Revelation. Because Lee restricts the point of view to Scout and what she directly observes, many details of the story are only revealed long after their occurrence. This creates an air of mystery for the reader that mimics the childish sense of not quite understanding what all the adults are up to.

Should I choose online or classroom SAT prep

Should I choose online or classroom SAT prep SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Like most things in life, the answer to this question is: it depends. In this case, it depends on what kind of learner you are, what your schedule looks like, how quickly you need to beef up your skills, and how much you (or your parents) want to pay. Online education is still young, trying to find its footing as technologies become more sophisticated and people become more connected to the internet 24/7. And SAT prep is also entering a phase of speedy evolution, as theCollege Boardannounced recently that willprovide free preparation for theredesigned testthat begins in the Spring of 2016. But if the College Board’s record for (lack of) transparency is any indication, the prep they provide will be incomplete at best. They've been providing "College Board Official Prep" for decades and certain students benefit from more than that. After all, their job is to present questions that can’t be â€Å"tricked†! So it’s important to keep on top of all your options, as you only have to take the test once if you prepare well. Like it or not, the SAT is probably an important factor in the direction of your post-high school life. A quick comparison of online and classroom SAT prep: Online Classroom where wherever you want major cities when whenever you want late (average weekday start time 7pm) or early (average weekend start time 8am) setting home, library, your choice high school and college classrooms customization fully customized algorithmic program* none timed practice 10 full practice tests* none (no time!) program design self-paced pre-planned (if you get sick, too bad!) upgrades every 2 weeks when the test changes (approx. every 10 years) progress tracking constant and precise none instructor availability 24/7 during class time (about 3-6 hours per week) feedback constant and updated very little *with PrepScholar When Classroom is Better: Of course, there are advantages to traditional classroom instruction that are difficult to quantify. There are some types of students who will do well in a classroom setting: students who require the presence of an authority figure to get anything done students who enjoy the high school experience students who aren’t much higher or lower than the average ability of the class students who are willing to ask every single question they have students who prefer pen-and-paper work to online work If you or your student(s) fall into a few of these categories, you may want to consider classroom preparation. But most students don’t. Obviously, online SAT prep has a ton of advantagesand its abilities are expanding every day. The bottom line is that most proponents of classroom teaching don’t know what technology is capable of. Most educators, in high schools and big prep companies, are middle-aged or older. Their experience with technology is limited at best. PrepScholar (time to toot our own horn!) is founded and staffed entirely by people who have been using computers our whole lives. The company was founded on the principle that technology can provide enriching, compelling educational experiences and we are constantly working to push the boundaries of what we can deliver. We aren’t the least biased authority on the advantages of online test prep, but we may be the best informed. Next Up: Should you take the New SAT or Old SAT? And if you found this interesting or helpful, sign up to the right to stay updated on the topics we think SAT preppers and their parents might find useful. Also, get our FREE SAT guide!