Self-Actualisation is Impossible Within Today's Organizational Essay

Self-Actualisation is Impossible Within Today's Organizational Settings - Essay Example An individual employee would be motivated to take action if nothing hinders the emergence of high-level needs. Maslow’s hierarchy needs was designed according to U.S. cultural values. According to organizational behaviourists, organizations which endeavour to accomplish the needs of their personnel, attract the best workforce and consequently motivate the workers to perform excellently. The organization can use the wages, the work environment, and the people around the workplace to motivate the employees to work harder and achieve certain goals (Schreuder & Coetzee 2010). When organizations meet the low- order needs of the personnel, the workers will struggle for self-actualization, working to become the best they can be. The employees will thus deliver at their optimal level of creativity, turning into exceptionally valuable assets to the company. The contemporary organizations have therefore; put in place measures and strategies to enable the workers to self-actualize by acc omplishing the low-order needs of the employees. Nevertheless, some organizational behaviourists argue that it is impossible to satisfy several high-order needs in organizational settings (Hodson 2001). Eventually, the concept of self-actualization is difficult or impossible to achieve effectively in organizational settings. This paper will discuss whether it is possible for an organisation to realize self-actualisation for its individual employees. The paper presents an argument for and against self-actualisation within today’s organizational settings using illustrations from the contemporary organizational contexts. The possibility of self-actualisation within organizational context Self-actualisation is possible in high-level management than low level management because top managers are better equipped to meet their self-actualization and esteem needs. This is because the backdrop of challenging jobs and opportunities at organisational levels motivates self-actualisation n eeds. Working in teams increases employees’ abilities to satisfy their self-actualisation needs. This is because teamwork gives the employees the incentive to participate in decision making which impact on both the team and the organisation’s performance. Some employees are among group of employees trained by organisations to carry out multiple job tasks that may include hiring and training subordinates, and even terminating employment based on failure to perform satisfactorily. Self-actualisation and esteem needs begin to get satisfied when employees get to learn different tasks. Employees who are less empowered or have little control over their job tasks may feel no need for self-actualisation with regard to their job tasks. Empirical evidence shows that the satisfaction of self-actualisation needs varies according to employee’s job tasks, age, background, and the size of the company (Hellriegel & Slocum 2007). Dorer and Mahoney (2006) observe that organisatio ns could increase their productivity by increasing the individual performance of each employee and by optimisation of untapped potential inherent in employees. A full operational employee is actively involved in the development and utilisation of all his/her

Quality of arguements vs persuader attractiveness Lab Report

Quality of arguements vs persuader attractiveness - Lab Report Example These cues are as follows: Reciprocation, "You owe me"; "Love me, love my ideas"; Authority, "Just because I say so"; and Scarcity, "Quick, before they're all gone" (Griffin 198). These cues are often the excuse people use when supporting or validating their actions. There are various factors involved which determine the route to be employed. These include the extent to which the concerned individual is involved in the issue. When the point is of "putting your money where your mouth is", one is more cautious. Argument quality manipulation is another factor. Whether arguments are presented as non biased facts or in a rhetoric manner each elicits a different cognitive response. The perceived ability of the concerned individual can also pose a barrier to processing the argument through central route. Several arguments are pre-tested in pilot experiments; those that elicit consistently favorable cognitive responses are labeled strong arguments and those that evoke consistently unfavorable cognitive responses become weak arguments. ... These cues are often the excuse people use when supporting or validating their actions. There are various factors involved which determine the route to be employed. These include the extent to which the concerned individual is involved in the issue. When the point is of "putting your money where your mouth is", one is more cautious. Argument quality manipulation is another factor. Whether arguments are presented as non biased facts or in a rhetoric manner each elicits a different cognitive response. The perceived ability of the concerned individual can also pose a barrier to processing the argument through central route. Several arguments are pre-tested in pilot experiments; those that elicit consistently favorable cognitive responses are labeled strong arguments and those that evoke consistently unfavorable cognitive responses become weak arguments. People tend to derive their self-esteem from the same traits that lead to social acceptance (e.g., competence, likability, attractiveness). Halo effects refer to instances in which information about one attribute influences judgments about other unrelated attributes. To the extent that even the violence depicted in media is most apt to be learned when an attractive perpetrator with whom the viewer can identify engages in justified and rewarded violence that fails to depict the harm suffered by the victim of the violence. People who enjoy thinking (i.e., those high in need for cognition; Cacioppo & Petty, 1982) on the other hand tend to form attitudes on the basis of the quality of the arguments in a message rather than on peripheral cues (see Cacioppo, Petty, & Morris, 1983). Individual differences also exist in the ability of people to think about a persuasive

Fulton's Ice Land Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fulton's Ice Land - Case Study Example Therefore Fulton is trying to adopt some strategies which would increase its profits. Fulton’s current strategy To evaluate the current strategy of Fulton’s ice Land, the 4Cs of marketing is taken into consideration. The 4Cs includes Customer Value, Cost, Convenience and Communication (Crandall, p.57). Fulton’s Ice Land offers indoor staking with a conventional hockey rink surface. Steve operates the staking program and runs a successful hockey program which is accompanied by decent profits. Steve wants to expand his business so that he could allow 700 people at one time in the public session. Steve has 14 public staking session in his ice skating but unfortunately it has not attracted many customers. Out of which the public sessions hold on Saturday and Sunday afternoon has been the most successful, which has recorded an average of 200 people during the winter session. This session has mainly attracted the kids dropped by their parents for many hours and also at tracted few family groups. But the public session operated on Friday and Saturday evening were the biggest disappointment for Steve. This session attracted the age group of 8-14 years and only a handful of young and teenage couples affecting the environment which Steve expected to create for the dating couples and the old patrons. Later Steve limited this session for people of age group above 14 years so to get a better environment for the young crowds. In order to make the skating fun and relaxing Steve installed few lights and music which encourage people to skate to the beats of the music and couples to skate together. Steve basically tried to attract the couples and was successful. Steve hired a local radio disk jockey which attracted many young crowds and couples. Steve realized that it was hard changing the attitude of the people and most of its customers on the weekends belonged to age group of 13 and less. Thus Steve’s effort to attract the teenage and couples did not generate a positive response. Steve’s motive of expanding his public skating program was assumed to attract as many as 700 customers in a public session instead of limiting the use of ice to 12 to 24 players per hour. Steve plans to charge $200 an hour plus concession sale, the two hour public skating would be charged at a rate of $5 per person which would yield up to $3500 for two hours plus a higher concession rate. By operating a large public skating session Fulton expected to earn a profitable turnover. Fulton’s evening session on Friday and Saturday were rated at $5 per person and $1.50 for skate rental. Steve has invested more than $3000 in lighting and about $9000 in promotional activity mainly promoting the rock music radio station which proved to be a failure. Steve operated 14 sessions out of which the public session on Saturday and Sunday were the most successful. The people could choose a session as per their convenience. The kids and families usually arri ved more on Saturday and Sunday during the winter. Fulton Ice Land is situated in the northern part of USA, which is attracted by many Ice Skating rinks; therefore Fulton’s introduction of 14 public sessions would be convenient for the people to choose as per their timings and enjoy the winter with families and friends. Steve used radio as a means of communication in promoting its new offerings, which did not deliver a desired result. Steve spent almost $9000 in promoting the session over rock music radio

Property valuation questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Property valuation questions - Essay Example Here discounted cash flow method is used in this type of property valuation methods. The Residual Method: This method is used to value existing properties that has a potential to redevelop. This method of property valuation consists of many variables and these variables are very sensitive to any changes in market conditions. The Profits Method: This method is also known as account method. It is used where a commercial property is used for accommodation as an integral part of its business. It is generally used in trading premises but also restricted to the property that changes hand on freehold basis. The cost Approach: This method of property valuation for a property that is acquired by its owner but lacks in comparable evidence for similar property transactions. It works on the assumption that the property valued forms part of an ongoing business asset. 5. The comparative method: When comparable transaction of a property is done against a property with similar characteristic. This method of property valuation is called the comparative method of valuation. Generally valuation of agricultural land is mostly valued using this valuation method where the value of the agricultural land is derived from the similar land sold earlier. This method is also in use in UK as an informative source. It is used as standalone valuation method in UK. The Investment Method: This method is generally used to value an income producing property. This method is used to value a commercial property that has a capability to produce rental income. Here discounted cash flow method is used in this type of property valuation methods. The Residual Method: This method is used to value existing properties that has a potential to redevelop. This method of property valuation consists of many variables and these variables are very sensitive to any changes in market conditions. The Profits Method: This method is also known as account method. It is used where a commercial property is used for accommodation as an integral part of its business. It is generally used in trading premises but also restricted to the property that changes hand on freehold basis. The cost Approach: This method of property valuation for a property that is acquired by its owner but lacks in comparable evidence for similar property transactions. It works on the assumption that the property valued forms part of an ongoing business asset. (b) (i) The comparative method (ii) The profit method (iii) The investment method (iv)The investment method 3. Assumptions: (i) First assumption is, the appraised value of a property will vary that depends on whether the appraisal is conducted for the buyer or the seller of the property. (ii) The second assumption is the appraisers are hired only to estimate real estate property values in property sales involving mortgage lending transactions for the property valued. (iii) The third assumption is, market value should approximate replacement cost for the similar property. (iv) The forth assumption is that the assessed value should equate to market value of the property. (v) The fifth assumption is that the appraisers use a formula, such as a specific price per square foot, to figure out the value of a home or any other residential property. (vi) The sixth assumption is that as because consumers pay for appraisals when applying for loans to purchase or refinance real estate, they own their appraisal for there property. (vii) The seventh assumption is that an appraisal is the same as a home inspection for property. 4. Statutory Reasons: (i) The property valuation for statutory purposes including rating of the property. (ii) Government taxes affecting property including land tax and should be taken care of on valuation. Non-Statutory Reasons: (i) Property non-statutory instrument to assert its influence on the land and property markets for the property. (ii) The property tax exemption is limited to the non-profit activities for the property. 5. The comparative method: When comparable transaction of a property is done against a property with similar characteristic. This method of property valuation is called the comparative method of valuation. Generally valuation of agricultural land is mostly valued using this valuation method where the value of the agricultural land